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帖子主题：The use of nylon cable ties to repair rib fractures in neonatal foals

tuyh41

文章：10

积分：12

来自:[117.69.xxx.xxx]

发表于 2012/9/7 17:00:37	楼主

The use of nylon cable ties to repair rib fractures in neonatal foals

The use of nylon cable ties to repair rib fractures in neonatal foals

The use of nylon cable ties to repair rib fractures in neonatal foals

Commercially available nylon cable ties were used as a method of internal fixation for displaced rib fractures in 8 equine neonates. The procedure was effective, well-tolerated, rapid, and inexpensive. The use of nylon cable ties as internal fixation for displaced rib fractures in foals is an effective surgical procedure.

The technique described here stabilizes the fracture of the neonatal rib(s) via internal fixation with a commercially available, gas sterilized nylon cable tie placed as a single prosthesis through both fracture fragments to achieve apposition and stability. Following refinement on neonatal cadaver ribs, this method was performed on 8 foals that were presented to the Davidson Surgery Center between March of 2007 and March of 2009 for evaluation and subsequent surgical treatment of fractured ribs sustained in the first 48 h of life. A retrospective study was performed to document this procedure and investigate any complications.

Materials and methods

The records of the Davidson Surgery Center (Hagyard Equine Medical Institute, Lexington, Kentucky, USA) were reviewed for cases meeting the following criteria: foals having had 1 or more fractured ribs repaired utilizing a commercially available nylon cable tie in the first 48 h of life. Additionally the following information was noted: breed, sex, method of diagnosis, affected hemithorax, affected ribs, methods of fixation used, any predisposing factors to rib fractures, and outcome of the use of cable ties as internal fixation.

All foals were routinely anesthetized using diazepam and ketamine as a single intravenous injection and the affected hemithorax was routinely prepared for aseptic surgery with the affected side uppermost. The appropriate plane of anesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane inhalant delivered via endotracheal intubation. A vertical incision approximately 5 cm (2 in) long was made between the 2 most cranial fractured ribs and a combination of blunt and sharp dissection used to expose the fractures. This incision and dissection were repeated as above for each subsequent 2 or 3 fractured ribs until adequate exposure was attained. The periosteum was not specifically addressed or elevated during the approach to the fracture sites. Retraction of the skin and musculature was found to be beneficial in allowing access to multiple fracture sites through a single incision thereby increasing the final soft tissue covering over each implant.

A gas sterilized nylon cable tie was used as the prosthesis in at least 1 rib in each foal. In ribs wide enough to accommodate the 4.0 or 4.5 mm drill bit a nylon cable tie measuring 4 mm wide and 15.24 mm (6 in) long was used. A 3.2 mm drill hole was required in the more caudal ribs and a nylon cable tie measuring 2 mm wide and 10.16 mm (4 in) long was used. The distal fragment was commonly found to be over-ridden by the proximal fragment. This distal fragment was carefully elevated with a towel clamp with minimal disruption to the pleural tissues underneath and placed on top of the proximal fragment. Based upon the rib width, either a 4.5, 4.0, or 3.2 mm drill bit was used to carefully drill through the distal fracture fragment 5 to 10 mm from the fracture line. The proximal fragment was then elevated to lie above the drilled distal fracture fragment. The appropriate sized drill bit was used to create a hole in the proximal fragment in exactly the same manner as used for the distal fracture fragment. The fracture ends were manually stabilized with a towel clamp or digit during drilling. The drilling was performed in the above manner to decrease the risk of inadvertent penetration of the thorax. Care must be taken not to press the drill bit into the thoracic cavity when drilling the implant hole in the proximal or distal fracture segment and minimal dissection on the axial surface of the rib is preferred to avoid creation of a pneumothorax. The appropriate sized nylon cable tie was then passed through the hole in the distal fragment from the external surface of the rib utilizing instrument assistance in the form of needle holders or hemostats carefully inserted under the rib on its internal surface. The free end of the cable tie was then guided through the hole in the proximal fragment from the internal surface of the rib to exit the drilled hole externally. http://www.sympf.com/enindex.asp

tuyh41

文章：10

积分：12

来自:[117.69.xxx.xxx]

发表于 2012/9/7 17:07:16	第 2 楼

Concrete Wedge Anchors & Their Many Uses

Concrete Wedge Anchors & Their Many Uses

Concrete Wedge Anchors & Their Many Uses

Wedge Anchor Introduction

"Wedge Anchor" is a generic term for a type of anchor used to fasten a variety of materials to concrete. Some companies have different brand names for their wedge anchors such as Kwik Bolt, Power Stud and Thunderstud. The different brands of wedge anchors all work on the same principles, are made from the same basic materials, and provide similar high quality performance.

What is a Wedge Anchor?

Wedge anchors consist of two separate pieces that are permanently pre-assembled into a single unit. The first piece is a carbon steel rod that is threaded for a portion of its length. The opposite end, the installed end of the anchor, has a necked-down diameter, or conical space, that tapers outward back to the rod s full diameter.

The second piece of the wedge anchor is a steel clip, or sleeve, that is permanently assembled around the conical section of the rod. Each wedge anchor also requires a nut and washer to complete installation.

Wedge anchors can be used in numerous applications as long as the base material is solid concrete. Unlike many other concrete fasteners, the wedge anchor cannot be used in brick or block.

The wedge anchor is simple to use and is available in a wide variety of diameters and lengths. Wedge anchors can be used in both light and heavy duty applications. A 1/4" x 1-3/4" wedge anchor, for instance, would be utilized in a light duty application, while a 1-1/4" x 12" anchor would be used in a situation that requires a heavy duty anchor.

How Does a Wedge Anchor Work?

Again, wedge type concrete fasteners are designed for use in solid concrete only. They are designed to go into a pre-drilled hole in concrete. Once installed, these wedge anchors can not be removed without destroying the concrete. The size of the anchor is always equal to the size of the hole that needs to be drilled into the concrete. The tolerance between the hole and the anchor is very tight. As the anchor is hammered into the hole, the clip is recessed in the gap of the conical space, allowing the anchor to penetrate the hole. To set the anchor, the rod must be pulled-up (which occurs while the nut is being tightened), making the clip move outward on the tapered space, wedging itself between the rod and the wall of the hole.

Since the hole tolerance is critical in the performance of the wedge anchor, it is important that the correct drill and drill bits are used. A hammer drill should be used rather than a standard power drill because it creates a better quality hole. A carbide-tipped masonry bit should also be used because they are specifically designed for use in hammer drills and meet ANSI standards. http://www.wdfastener.com/product.php

tuyh41

文章：10

积分：12

来自:[117.69.xxx.xxx]

发表于 2012/9/7 17:09:14	第 3 楼

Using Sodium Bentonite Clay Baths For Detoxification

Using Sodium Bentonite Clay Baths For Detoxification

Using Sodium Bentonite Clay Baths For Detoxification

Detoxification using sodium bentonite clay

The World Health Organisation (WHO) has acknowledged environmental pollution as the underlying cause in nearly 80% of all chronic degenerative diseases. Exposure to these toxins leads to a toxic buildup in our bodies and can cause many neurological and degenerative conditions, as well as unexplained fatigue, irritability, mood swings, muscle twitches, insomnia, painful joints, feeling down or bloated.

We take a look at how sodium bentonite clay can be used to detoxify the body of environmental toxins including heavy metals.

detoxpeople supply only 100% pharmaceutical, hypoallergenic bentonite clay powder.

What is it?

· Sodium bentonite is a chemical compound comprised of clay minerals in the smectite group, and varying levels of hydrous silicate of alumina.

· It has a wide variety of agricultural, industrial cosmetic and wellbeing uses.

Why is it so special for wellbeing and detox?

· When mixed with water the sodium bentonite clay swells up to 16 times its size.

· This suspension is called a colloid with the water as the continuous phase and bentonite the dispersed phase.

· The bentonite clay has a negative charge and this negative charge is compensated for by adsorbing a cation on either the interior or exterior of the molecule (a cation is a positively charged ion such as many of the environmental toxins in the body including heavy metal ions)

· These compensating cations, which are adsorbed on the particle surfaces, may be exchanged for other cations. Hence they are called exchangeable cations of the clay.

· The amount per unit weight of the clay is the Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) measured in millequivalents (Meq) per 100 grams of dry clay. The higher the CEC of the clay the stronger the negative charge. http://www.organiclay.com/Bentonite_478_1_products.htm
bentonite

tuyh41

文章：10

积分：12

来自:[117.69.xxx.xxx]

发表于 2012/9/7 17:11:18	第 4 楼

Beneficial Things To Know About Aluminum Cookware

Beneficial Things To Know About Aluminum Cookware

Beneficial Things To Know About Aluminum Cookware

Aluminum cookware has been around for a long time and has been improved a lot from the early days. It is one of the most popular types of cookware a long with stainless steel and cast iron. More than half of all cookware sold today is made of aluminum. Researchers have suggested that aluminum can cause Alzheimer s but there is no evidence to prove that in the case of cookware. To be safe, avoid cooking highly acidic or salty foods in aluminum pans as low grade aluminum cookware will leach out small amounts of aluminum into your food and the pans get pitted.

There are a few different types of cookware on the market today such as pressed, cast, and anodized. Lets take a look at these.

Pressed aluminum is the most inexpensive and is usually found in the cookware aisle of the supermarket or retail store. It is cheap to buy and usually has the screw in type handle and are thin in thickness. It is also the most made on the market today. They don t last very long and the handles usually fall off or get loose easily, after all, you get what you pay for. I really don t recommend this type because you will end up spending more money in the long run and your food quality will not be as good.

Cast aluminum, which is worth buying, is a slower and more expensive process but the end result is that it is usually thicker than pressed aluminum. The bottom and rims can be made thicker than the sidewalls also. This makes it harder to to warp or "go out of round". Cast aluminum is more porous than pressed aluminum which makes for better heat retention. For cookware, other than copper, aluminum has the best conductivity. Be careful when buying these first two types of aluminum cookware, make sure you read the label. Most types are either polished or coated which makes it very difficult to tell what you are getting and you don t want to pay more than you should.

Lastly, anodized, or hard anodized, aluminum cookware which is the top of the line and what I would recommend. Hard anodizing is an electro-chemical process that increases the natural oxide film in aluminum. This process also gives the aluminum a hard non oxidizing finish which is nonstick and scratch resistant. It does not react with salty or acidic foods. The surface also becomes harder than steel. You can probably imagine how durable this is. The way to tell if you have hard anodized aluminum cookware is that the pans turn a dark gray after the anodizing process. This type of aluminum cookware is the most expensive of all the aluminum types but well worth it. Nonstick, easy to clean and light weight. I would put his type of cookware right up there with stainless steel, copper and cast iron. http://www.gprcookware.com/about.asp
aluminum cookware

tuyh41

文章：10

积分：12

来自:[117.69.xxx.xxx]

发表于 2012/9/7 17:12:58	第 5 楼

Indoor Playground Equipment For Kid s Entertainment

Indoor Playground Equipment For Kid s Entertainment

Indoor Playground Equipment For Kid s Entertainment

Indoor playgrounds are developed to provide the kids hours of fun and entertainment even in adverse weather conditions. Today, a wide range of the play-equipment that are durable, sturdy and safe to play with, is available. However, one should buy them considering some important factors.

Offering numerous playful activities inside home bounds, indoor playgrounds are loved by the children of all ages. Even if the harsh weather forces them to stay indoor, they can have loads of fun and joy playing in indoor playground. Numerous play-equipment such as slides, decks, tubes and panels can be incorporated in one ground, and a wonderful play environment can be created for the kids.

Concept of indoor playground has become quite popular. These play areas are developed to offer the kids hours of fun and entertainment keeping them away from scorching sun and other inclement weather conditions. Playing under the parents supervision, children could be protected from numerous possible injuries. Furthermore, it could help them to improve their agility, creativity and decision making power. As the demand for indoor play-equipment has increased, manufacturing companies come up with numerous play-equipment to offer the kids fun and joy. Modern play-equipment can easily be installed, and are very safe to play with.

Today, a variety of indoor play-sets is available in different sizes and designs to choose from. The most popular ones are Play Jungle, Climbing Decks, Crawl Tubes, Slides etc., which keep the children engaged in several fun-filled activities. The Play Jungle Set features numerous panels linked with one another. Installed in your indoor playground, this equipment would offer the small kids a great enjoyment. Since the panels are linked through simple connector brackets, the equipment is quite easy to install. However, the equipment come with an instructions manual, making it easier to install and use. Multiple climbing decks and crawling tubes are also very popular play-equipment found in indoor playgrounds. They are available in a massive range of designs and colors to attract the kids. Additionally, some fantasy sets like turbo helicopter, ball turn panel, slotted and mirror panel, school buses and fire trucks allow the kids to spend their quality time in indoor playground.

Apart from your home playground, these equipment are meant to install in several places such as day care centers, nurseries and malls. They are usually made of plastic, and are available in shorter sizes than outdoor play-equipment. The modern equipment are designed with standard safety norms to ensure the kids safety while playing in the ground. The equipment that require climbing are equipped with convenient stairs so that the kids don t fall of the sets. Moreover, they are available in attractive designs and colors to choose from. When purchasing these equipment, you should consider some important factors such as age of the children, space availability in the ground, your budget and quality of the equipment. Make sure the equipment are durable and safe to play with. You should also consider a safe playground surface to minimize the playground injuries. Using appropriate surface material such as rubber mulch, you could protect your kids from several injuries.

Sourcing the equipment from a reputed vendor is another important consideration when buying indoor play-equipment. Searching online, you could gain access to some reliable websites that offer a variety of indoor playground equipment at variable prices. Opting a comparative mode of shopping, you could choose the most reliable supplier of equipment for indoor playgrounds for kids. http://www.playground-china.com/6069BIndoor-Playground.html
Indoor Playground Equipment
Indoor playground equipment
indoor playground

tuyh41

文章：10

积分：12

来自:[117.69.xxx.xxx]

发表于 2012/9/7 17:15:19	第 6 楼

Children Playground Swing Sets - So Much Fun In Your Own Backyard

Children Playground Swing Sets - So Much Fun In Your Own Backyard

Children Playground Swing Sets - So Much Fun In Your Own Backyard

If you have kids and have a decent sized yard then you really should take a look at some children playground swing sets. It would be wonderful for your kids to have their own playground swing set installed in their own back yard. This does not just benefit your kids but it will benefit you too. Knowing that they are playing safely at home instead of at the local park in itself is something to be happy about.

For one thing you do not have to find the time to take them out to the park plus you will know whom they are playing with because only invited kids will be there. It also keeps the interference of stranger danger from your children s life. Now you must be happy with that?

You will be delighted to know also that you do not need a lot of money to set up a playground such as this. You can have as big or as little as your budget allows. Some people just start out with one swing. This could just be a tire hanging from a tree or it could be a cheap swing set made from metal. The good thing is that you can always add to it when you can afford to.

Many people add children playground slides, climbing ropes, sandpits and much more. You can have an area such as this put together by a specialist or you can build one yourself. This again depends on your budget and how handy you are with a set of tools. You can even design your own if that is your wish.

There are manufacturers that sell these sets in kit form, which are easy to assemble. They often include a metal swing set and slide only. There are also companies that sell wood versions with plastic slides and seats. This type usually fits in better with the garden environment but is often dearer than the metal version.

If you decide on building a wooden one then remember to do your homework first by finding out safety guidelines including what wood is more suitable. Treated wood is not suitable as it is treated with chemicals, which are a hazard to your children s health.

Also remember that you need to have the play equipment secured to the ground and not placed on hard surfaces such as concrete. This is not safe as falls happen frequently. The best option is rubber matting specifically made for this purpose. Of course this will cost more so if you cannot afford this to start with then make sure you put down sand, mulch or at least grass.

After all, children playground swing sets are designed for kids to have fun safely in their own yards so we do not want to mess that up by not safely installing it ourselves. http://www.playground-china.com/Electrical-Play-Machine.html
children playground equipment
children playground equipment
children playground

tuyh41

文章：10

积分：12

来自:[117.69.xxx.xxx]

发表于 2012/9/7 17:17:08	第 7 楼

How to Start an Amusement Park Equipment Supplier

How to Start an Amusement Park Equipment Supplier

How to Start an Amusement Park Equipment Supplier

These tips are ideal for those who hope to start an amusement park equipment supplier. Read this article before you start!We ve collected many pertinent bits of advice on how to go about starting an amusement park equipment supplier.

Best Amusement Park Equipment Supplier Business Plans

As a startup amusement park equipment supplier owner, writing a quality business plan is one of the first tasks you need to address.

To help you navigate the process, there are a number of business plan software solutions on the market. A reliable software solution will increase the accuracy and consistency of your business plan, dramatically improving its value to your amusement park equipment supplier.

Properly utilized, business plan software has the potential to transform your business plan from a throwaway business requirement to an integral strategic resource.

Look Over Competitors

Well in advance of opening an amusement park equipment supplier in your town, it s a good idea to see how you will fit in the competitive landscape. We ve provided the link below to help you get a list of local competitors in your city. Simply enter your city, state and zip code to get a list of amusement park equipment suppliers in your town.

How tough is the competition in the market you are considering? If the competition is too tough, you may need to think about starting the business in a different area or even start a completely different business instead.

Studying the Market

Once you ve finished assessing the competion, be sure to have a conversation with someone who is in the business. If you think your local competitors will give you advice, you re being overoptimistic. Why would they want to educate a future competitor?

But, a person who owns an amusement park equipment supplier in a location that is not competitive to you can be a great learning resource for you, after they realize you reside far away from them and won t be stealing their local customers. In fact, they are often very willing to share startup advice with you. If you are persistent, you can find a business mentor who is willing to help you out. http://www.playground-china.com/Payment.asp?Product_Id=1286
park equipment
water park equipment

tuyh41

文章：10

积分：12

来自:[117.69.xxx.xxx]

发表于 2012/9/7 17:19:07	第 8 楼

Some Indoor Play Equipment Choices

Some Indoor Play Equipment Choices

Some Indoor Play Equipment Choices

Indoor play equipment is fun and entertaining no matter how young or old you are. From play equipment for toddlers to play equipment for school age children, there is something for everyone. Indoor play equipment is not only a way to provide entertainment, but it also helps both physical and mental health. Whether it be the weather or another reason that is keeping a child indoors, it can take a toll on a person. It is proven that staying active helps both the mind and body. Staying active while indoors at times can be challenging, but not when you have indoor equipment.

For children that range from the toddler age to school age children, there are several manufacturers that make play equipment for indoor use. The most popular equipment is the miniature play areas or jungle gyms. There are a few companies that make the equipment expandable so as the child grows, you can easily add more to the play equipment. For toddlers, you can start off with a couple basic steps that lead to a slide that the toddler can roll or slide down. You can also had height to the equipment and also had a tunnel, a larger slide and even different options for the top of the indoor equipment. Some even offer a ball pool that can be added. What makes most of the equipment so popular is that each piece is separate, enabling the child to build the pieces into different shapes. Rearranging the pieces can quickly create a new play area. Normally most of these types of indoor play blocks is either made out of molded plastic pieces or cloth covered cushions, similar to the cushions that found on couches. The play equipment is also available as a corner set. This helps in cases that you do not want the play equipment set up in the middle of a room.

For day care centers and children learning centers, there is larger indoor equipment that is made for commercial use. Typically they are a bit large for indoor use in a home, but work great in larger areas. Some of the commercial indoor equipment includes climbing areas and a usable slide. Much like the play area that you can find a park, the indoor equipment offers much of the same features, however at a smaller scale so that it can be setup indoors. Most of the larger indoor equipment is made from a heavy duty plastic mold so that there are no sharp edges. Also, most of the equipment can be moved outdoors, when needed. A very popular piece of play equipment is the ball pool. They come in various sizes, but the typical indoor style is large enough for a few young children to comfortably in. The sides are normally made from a cushion material to help prevent injuries.

Indoor equipment can range from the miniature gyms that were mentioned above, to indoor play houses, to a miniature working kitchen for children to enjoy. Most large department stores sell indoor play toys, and you can also find indoor equipment online. http://www.playground-china.com/Fitness-Equipment.html
play equipment
Play equipment factory
Indoor Play Equipment

tuyh41

文章：10

积分：12

来自:[117.69.xxx.xxx]

发表于 2012/9/7 17:21:27	第 9 楼

Outdoor Playground Equipment

Outdoor Playground Equipment

Outdoor Playground Equipment

Outdoor playground equipment is found in parks, schools, picnic places, recreation clubs, daycare centers, churches and backyards. It is meant to entertain children while providing a place for parents to relax. Playground equipment not only provides entertainment to kids but also develops their physical strength, dexterity, agility and concentration. It also helps them to make a lot of friends.

While installing outdoor playground equipment consider the following: is there enough room for the equipment? What is the size and shape? Is the surface under the equipment safe and resilient; are there proper drainage, water and power facilities? Are there any trees, fences, sidewalks or drains that may obstruct or may be obstructed because of the playground equipment? and so on.

Coming to the equipment itself, check whether it is age-suitable for the child, or is risky or unsafe in any way. Be sure there are no objects protruding or ropes dangling that may cause strangulation or cause the child to trip or fall. Playground equipment should be easy to maintain and environmentally friendly. Make sure it s durable enough even for harsh outdoor weather conditions.

While ordering outdoor playground equipment, check on the manufacturer s commitment to safety, whether the equipment been tested for load bearing requirements. Make sure durability tests have been done and that the manufacturer complies with industry specifications, such as whether the play equipment requires parent interaction and supervision. There is also outdoor playground equipments especially for children with disabilities.

There are many manufacturers who provide playground equipment. They custom design it to suit your unique needs, site, age group and budget. They make innovative, affordable, functional and attractive products to suit all kinds of playground needs. Things to be considered while ordering playground equipment are: the price, the ordering forms, shipping details, assembly instructions and post-sales service. The Internet is a very good source of information about playground equipment. There are several sites that can help you locate the best equipment and also to compare prices. Other things to be considered are shipping details, assembly instructions and post-sales service. Remember that the price also includes the freight cost, the installation costs and the surfacing costs along with the equipment costs. http://www.playground-china.com/Fitness-Equipment.html
kids playground equipment
Playground equipment manufacturer
children playground equipment

tuyh41

文章：10

积分：12

来自:[117.69.xxx.xxx]

发表于 2012/9/7 17:23:46	第 10 楼

China tour operators

China tour operators

China tour operators

Tour operators in china are companies who offer tours and packages all over the world. Many tour operators in china in the United States are members of the United States tour operators in china Association (USTOA) is a professional association representing the tour operator industryin the U.S.

When traveling to a country like China, it is wise to consult a tour operator to make sure that you are getting the most for your money, and to discover the activities that most closely match your interests. The tour operator will help book all accommodations and recommend popular structured escorted group tours with group leaders. The tour operator will handle everything from airfare to hotels, meals, tours, admission costs, and local transportation.

In China, you may choose the option of an unescorted package. While this may seem convenient, you usually end up paying. This package is purchased when you arrive in China. Therefore, any foreign tour operators in china in china you may purchase your package from are required to use Chinese state-registered travel agencies to act as local handlers. They usually quote very high rates, which become even higher when the tour operator adds the middleman fee. This is because Chinese travel agencies are controlled by CITS, (China International Travel Service) which keeps prices high. You can check with the China National Tourism Office for a list of registered Chinese agencies that can give you information on packages tours that includes choices of airlines, hotels and other hidden expenses. Try to avoid booking with a private Chinese tour agency or guide online because many are not licensed.

China Tours provides detailed information on China Bicycle Tours, China Great Wall Tours, China Guided Tours, tour operators in china and more. China Tours is affiliated with China Travel Services. http://www.toplineonline.net/

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